Metapneumovirus (HMPV): What You Need to Know About the Spreading Infection and How to Protect Yourself

What is Human Metapneumovirus?

Discovered in 2001, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It shares similarities with viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), HMPV is currently spreading actively in China. However, as stated by Hans Kluge, Director of the WHO European Office, local authorities report that the volume and intensity of the disease remain below last year’s levels.

In Armenia, the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported 10 cases of HMPV detected in 2023 through laboratory tests. Between January and April 2024, this number rose to 50 cases. However, no cases have been detected since April 2024.

Who is at Risk?

While HMPV can infect people of all ages, certain groups are more susceptible to severe illness:

• Infants and young children
• Older adults
• People with weakened immune systems

Symptoms

Symptoms of HMPV range from mild to severe and are similar to those of the common cold or flu.

• Mild symptoms:
  • Runny nose
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
  • Fever
• Severe symptoms:
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Chest pain
  • Bronchiolitis or pneumonia

How is it Spread?

The virus spreads through:

• Airborne respiratory droplets from infected individuals.
• Close contact with infected people.
• Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face.

Treatment and Control

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV. Severe cases may require hospitalization for oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation.

To reduce the risk of infection and spread, follow these simple infection control measures:

• Stay home if you are feeling unwell.
• Wear a mask in crowded or poorly ventilated areas.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing.
• Wash and disinfect your hands frequently.
• Regularly clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces, such as doorknobs, phones, and keyboards.

Conclusion

Although HMPV cannot be entirely avoided, taking these preventive measures can significantly lower the risk of infection and its spread.

For more information about other common viruses, explore our health blog. Stay informed and stay healthy!